As part of the Applied Contemporary Refugee Studies module, MA Human Rights students took a trip to Hull’s Wilberforce House Museum to view their collections and consider their learning in a historical context. The trip was funded by donations to the Hallam Fund from alumni, staff, and friends of Sheffield Hallam University.
Napoleon Egin, one of the students on the trip, wrote the following blog post in response to the trip.
Between The Wilberforce Museum in the United Kingdom and Wilberforce Island in Nigeria: A Call for the Protection of the Right to Human Dignity
Between the Wilberforce Museum in the United Kingdom and Wilberforce Island in Nigeria lies a rich tapestry of history and significance in the fight for the protection of human dignity. The museum serves as a testament to William Wilberforce’s tireless efforts to end the abhorrent practice of slavery. Conversely, Wilberforce Island holds historical importance as the landing site of early explorers in Nigeria and a key battleground against the slave trade. This juxtaposition highlights the global interconnectedness of human rights struggles and the enduring legacy of individuals who championed the cause of freedom and dignity for all. As we delve into the narratives of these two distinct yet interconnected locations, it becomes clear that protecting the right to human dignity transcends geographical boundaries and speaks to the universal pursuit of justice and equality.
The Wilberforce Museum and Wilberforce Island in Nigeria stand as two significant sites that pay tribute to the legacy of British abolitionist William Wilberforce and his pivotal role in the fight against the transatlantic slave trade. The Wilberforce Museum, located in Kingston upon Hull, UK, commemorates Wilberforce’s tireless efforts to end the inhumane practice of slavery. On the other hand, Wilberforce Island in Nigeria holds historical significance as it is named in honour of William Wilberforce, who played a crucial role in the abolition of slavery. Situated in the Niger Delta region, the island serves as a reminder of Nigeria’s complex history with the slave trade and colonisation. While the Wilberforce Museum in the UK focuses on the life and work of the abolitionist, Wilberforce Island serves as a tangible link to the impact of his advocacy in the African context.
The museum is situated in William Wilberforce’s childhood home and is dedicated to sharing the narrative of his life and his efforts to end the slave trade. Conversely, whereas there is no known record as of the time of writing this piece to indicate why Wilberforce Island in Nigeria was named after Wilberforce, the island is historically important as the place where the initial explorers of ijo lands, led by ijo himself, made their first landing and discovered the first ijo city-state called Agadagba-bou. The ijos of the island also played a part in combatting the slave trade along the West African coast in the 19th century.
The juxtaposition of the Wilberforce Museum and Wilberforce Island highlights the interconnectedness of the historical narratives surrounding slavery and its abolition. While the museum showcases Wilberforce’s parliamentary efforts and the abolition movement in Europe, the island symbolises the impact of these actions on the African continent. It serves as a testament to the resilience of the Nigerian people and their journey from being victims of the slave trade to champions of freedom and equality.
Today my visit to the Wilberforce Museum and my previous visits to the Wilberforce Island hosting the Niger Delta University have offered me a unique opportunity to engage with different facets of the abolitionist movement and its lasting effects on society. The museum provides an educational and reflective space to learn about the history of slavery, the abolitionist movement, and the individuals who fought against this injustice. On the other hand, Wilberforce Island allows visitors to immerse themselves in the physical landscape associated with the abolitionist cause and reflect on the enduring legacy of Wilberforce’s work in Nigeria.
By exploring these two sites, I now have a deeper understanding of the global reach and impact of the anti-slavery movement spearheaded by William Wilberforce. My visit has exposed me to the interconnectedness of historical events and the shared struggles for justice and human rights across continents. By recognising the significance of both the Wilberforce Museum and Wilberforce Island, we acknowledge the complexities of the past and the ongoing importance of fighting against oppression and discrimination in all its forms.
Wilberforce was a driving force behind the parliamentary campaign to abolish the slave trade in the British Empire. During his relentless advocacy for the abolition of the slave trade in the British Empire, Wilberforce persevered through significant challenges and setbacks. He initially put forth the first bill for abolition in 1791, maintaining his dedication to the cause despite opposition and obstacles. Over two decades, Wilberforce’s steadfast commitment eventually contributed to the formal end of the slave trade in 1833. This monumental milestone occurred amid a backdrop of controversies related to his son-in law’s business, which depended on slave trading to sustain its flourishing plantations. Despite these conflicting interests and potential conflicts of morality, Wilberforce remained resolute in his efforts to bring an end to the inhumane practice of slavery. His ability to navigate personal and political complexities showcases the depth of his commitment to justice and his unwavering belief in the inherent value of every individual. Wilberforce’s legacy serves as a powerful reminder of the courage and perseverance required to confront systemic injustices and effect meaningful change in society.
On the African continent, following the abolition of the transatlantic slave trade and slavery in the British Empire, the reaction of the people in Nigeria varied. While there was a positive response from many enslaved individuals who gained their freedom, the impact of abolition was complex. The end of the slave trade had economic implications for those involved in the trade and led to significant social changes in the African region.
Regrettably, the indigenous people of Wilberforce Island and indeed those of the entire Niger Delta region of Nigeria still suffer from the relics of oppressive tendencies which William Wilberforce stood against. As already noted, The indigenous people of the Niger Delta region have faced and continues to face various challenges, including environmental degradation, poverty, social inequalities, and political marginalization. These challenges are often exacerbated by oil-related activities in the region, leading to issues such as land dispossession, pollution, and lack of access to basic services.
The plight of the indigenous people of the Niger Delta is a complex and multifaceted issue that encompasses land rights, environmental justice, economic development, and political representation. Advocacy groups, local communities, and international organizations have been working to address these issues and to ensure that the rights and welfare of the indigenous people are upheld. Efforts include advocating for improved land rights, sustainable development initiatives, community empowerment, and addressing the environmental impacts of oil exploration in the region.
Wilberforce Island, as a symbolic representation of the fight against injustices like slavery, serves as a reminder of the importance of standing up for the rights and dignity of marginalized communities, including the indigenous peoples of the Niger Delta. It also inspires action and advocacy to address the systemic challenges faced by these communities and work towards a more equitable and sustainable future for all. By raising awareness, promoting dialogue, and
supporting initiatives that empower and protect the indigenous peoples of the Niger Delta, we can work towards addressing the root causes of their challenges and promoting justice and human rights for all.
It is essential to listen to the voices of the indigenous communities, amplify their concerns, and support their efforts to secure their rights and preserve their cultural heritage. Collaboration between governments, civil society organizations, and the private sector is crucial to address the complex issues facing the indigenous peoples of the Niger Delta. This collaboration should aim to implement sustainable development practices, uphold the rights of indigenous communities, and ensure that economic opportunities in the region benefit all stakeholders, especially the marginalized populations.
By learning from the lessons of history, such as the abolitionist movements that fought against injustices like slavery, we can draw inspiration to work towards a more just and inclusive society. The Island of Freedom, named after William Wilberforce, symbolises the ongoing struggle for justice and equality. It is a reminder of the importance of standing up against oppression and advocating for the rights of those who have been marginalized and exploited.
Conclusively, in a world still grappling with issues of exploitation and marginalisation, the stories of Wilberforce Museum and Wilberforce Island serve as a poignant reminder of the enduring legacy of William Wilberforce and the ongoing need to unite in our commitment to uphold the intrinsic value and rights of every individual. These two sites bridge geographical boundaries and historical epochs, emphasising the interconnectedness of individuals and communities in
pursuing justice and human dignity. By reflecting on the stories and struggles associated with these locations, we are encouraged to confront the legacies of slavery, uphold human rights, and work towards a more equitable and just society for all.
Napoleon Egin
